Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Water Dispenser System for Schools in Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State
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Background of the study:
Access to clean and safe drinking water in schools is critical for student health and learning. In Lafia LGA, many schools still rely on conventional water dispensers that lack real-time monitoring and automated control, leading to issues such as water wastage, inconsistent supply, and potential contamination. The design of an IoT-based smart water dispenser system aims to address these challenges by integrating sensors, wireless communication, and automated controls to monitor water quality, level, and usage in real time (Emeka, 2023). Such systems can regulate water flow, detect anomalies like leaks or impurities, and notify maintenance personnel when refilling or repairs are required (Ibrahim, 2024). By providing continuous data and remote monitoring capabilities, the system ensures that students have reliable access to safe drinking water while optimizing resource use. The integration of IoT technology in water dispensers supports sustainable water management practices and reduces operational costs by minimizing manual intervention and wastage (Udo, 2025). Moreover, data collected from the system can be used for future planning and improving school infrastructure. This innovative approach is aligned with global trends toward smart school initiatives, aiming to enhance the overall educational environment through technology-driven solutions.
Statement of the problem:
Schools in Lafia LGA face challenges in maintaining a consistent and safe water supply due to outdated water dispenser systems. The lack of real-time monitoring and automated control often results in water wastage, irregular refilling schedules, and delayed detection of quality issues (Emeka, 2023). Manual oversight can lead to lapses in maintenance, causing potential health risks and increased operational costs. The inefficiency of conventional systems also places an administrative burden on school staff, reducing overall service quality and affecting student well-being. Financial constraints and limited technological adoption further exacerbate these issues, leaving schools with unreliable water access. Without an automated, IoT-based system, schools remain vulnerable to disruptions in water supply, thereby compromising the health and productivity of students (Ibrahim, 2024). An integrated system that provides continuous monitoring, automated alerts, and efficient resource management is essential for ensuring a reliable and safe water supply in educational institutions (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based smart water dispenser system for continuous monitoring of water quality and level in schools.
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To evaluate the system’s impact on reducing water wastage and ensuring a reliable supply.
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To propose strategies for integrating the system into existing school infrastructure.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based water dispenser system in maintaining water quality and level?
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What improvements in resource efficiency can be observed after system implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current school facilities to optimize water management?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it offers a technology-driven solution to improve water supply management in schools. The IoT-based system enhances real-time monitoring, reduces wastage, and ensures a consistent supply of safe water, thereby improving student health and overall school operations. The research findings will guide policymakers and school administrators toward more sustainable water management practices.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design and evaluation of an IoT-based smart water dispenser system in schools located in Lafia LGA, Nasarawa State. It does not extend to other water supply systems or regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that provide real-time data.
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Smart Water Dispenser: A water dispensing system enhanced with sensors and automation for monitoring and control.
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School Infrastructure: The physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of educational institutions.
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